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Dhunge-Dharas in the Kathmandu Valley - Continuity and Development of Architectural Design
The construction of water conduits (nep. dhara, new. hiti) in the Kathmandu Valley can be traced back to the 6th century A.D.. The changing situation of urban and even village life has led to the loss or damage of numerous historical water conduits. The following paper will deal with two different areas: aspects regarding the use on the one hand and considerations on urban, architectural and engineering design on the other. The examples selected give evidence of a period covering roughly 1.250 years: beginning with water conduits with 'archaic characteristics' originating from the Licchavi period, followed by examples of the late Malla era and finally structures erected during the rule of the Shah dynasty. Particular reference is made to the following comprehensive publication of the same author: Water Conduits in the Kathmandu Valley, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1995